不銹鋼是什么鋼

　　What is stainless steel

　　不銹鋼是鋼的一個(gè)種類，鋼是指含有碳(C)量在2%以下的稱之為鋼，大于2%是鐵。鋼在冶煉過(guò)程中加入鉻(Cr)、鎳(Ni)錳(Mn)、硅(Si)、鈦(Ti)、鉬(Mo)等合金元素改善了鋼的性能使鋼具有了耐腐性(即不上銹)就是我們常說(shuō)的不銹鋼。

　　Stainless steel is a type of steel, which refers to steel containing less than 2% carbon (C) and more than 2% iron. Adding alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), etc. during the smelting process improves the properties of steel and gives it corrosion resistance (i.e. no rust), which is commonly known as stainless steel.

　　為什么不銹鋼有不同的鋼號(hào)

　　Why are there different grades of stainless steel

　　不銹鋼通常被分為201、202、301、304、309s、310s、410、420、431等多種型號(hào)。其中，201、202、301、304、309s、310s屬于奧氏體不銹鋼，不含有磁性，可耐多種介質(zhì)腐蝕。410、420、431則屬于馬氏體不銹鋼，具有磁性、強(qiáng)度高，但塑性和可焊性較差。其中硫磷含量是一很重要指標(biāo)，碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼和優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼就是根據(jù)它劃分的:

　　Stainless steel is usually divided into various types such as 201, 202, 301, 304, 309s, 310s, 410, 420, 431, etc. Among them, 201, 202, 301, 304, 309s, and 310s belong to austenitic stainless steel, which does not contain magnetism and can withstand corrosion from various media. 410, 420, and 431 belong to martensitic stainless steel, which has magnetism and high strength, but poor plasticity and weldability. The sulfur and phosphorus content is an important indicator, and carbon structural steel and high-quality carbon structural steel are classified based on it:

　　硫，磷含量皆不超過(guò)0.04%的鋼，稱為優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼，硫含量不超過(guò)0.03%，磷含量不超過(guò)0.035%的鋼稱為高級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼;硫磷含量各不超過(guò)0.025%的鋼稱為特級(jí)質(zhì)量鋼。

　　Steel with sulfur and phosphorus content not exceeding 0.04% is called high-quality steel, while steel with sulfur content not exceeding 0.03% and phosphorus content not exceeding 0.035% is called high-grade high-quality steel; Steel with sulfur and phosphorus content not exceeding 0.025% is called premium quality steel.

　　不銹鋼在冶煉過(guò)程當(dāng)中，由于加入合金元素品種不同，不同品種加入量的不同。其特性也是不同的，為了加以區(qū)別則冠上了不同的鋼號(hào)，下面是常見(jiàn)裝飾用不銹鋼不同鋼號(hào)“合金元素”含量表僅供參考:200系列:鉻-鎳-錳奧氏體不銹鋼300系列:鉻-鎳奧氏體不銹鋼

　　During the smelting process of stainless steel, the amount of alloying elements added varies depending on the type of alloy element added. Their characteristics are also different, and in order to distinguish them, different steel grades are labeled. The following is a table of "alloy element" content for common decorative stainless steels of different steel grades for reference only: 200 series: chromium nickel manganese austenitic stainless steel 300 series: chromium nickel austenitic stainless steel

　　301:延展性好，用于成型產(chǎn)品。也可通過(guò)機(jī)速硬化。接性好?？鼓バ院推趶?qiáng)度優(yōu)于304不銹鋼。

　　301: Good ductility, used for molding products. It can also be hardened by machine speed. Good connection. Wear resistance and fatigue strength are superior to 304 stainless steel.

　　302:耐腐蝕性同304，由于含碳相對(duì)要高因而強(qiáng)度更好，302B:是一種含硅量較高的不銹鋼，它具有較高的抗高溫氧化性能。

　　302: Corrosion resistance is the same as 304, and due to its relatively high carbon content, it has better strength. 302B: is a stainless steel with a high silicon content, which has high resistance to high temperature oxidation.

　　電梯門套常用的不銹鋼有哪種以及區(qū)別

　　What are the commonly used types of stainless steel for elevator door frames and their differences

　　被用于電梯門套的不銹鋼主要有201不銹鋼與304不銹鋼以及復(fù)合不銹鋼三種。主要區(qū)別:

　　There are mainly three types of stainless steel used for elevator door frames: 201 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, and composite stainless steel. Main differences:

　　1、成分:由于其成本不同，價(jià)格不同。

　　1. Ingredients: Due to their different costs, prices vary.

　　304質(zhì)量好一些，同時(shí)價(jià)格相對(duì)較貴

　　304 has better quality, but the price is relatively expensive

　　201相對(duì)差一些，但價(jià)格有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)，

　　201 is relatively inferior, but it has a certain price advantage,

　　復(fù)合不銹鋼介于兩者之間。

　　Composite stainless steel is between the two.

　　2、組成:

　　2. Composition:

　　201組成為17Cr-4.5Ni-6Mn-N，是節(jié)Ni鋼種，301鋼的替代鋼。

　　The composition of 201 is 17Cr-4.5Ni-6Mn-N, which is a type of Ni steel and a substitute for 301 steel.

　　經(jīng)冷加工后具有磁性，用于鐵路車輛。

　　After cold processing, it has magnetism and is used for railway vehicles.

　　304組成為18Cr-9Ni，是得到最廣泛應(yīng)用的不銹鋼、耐熱鋼。用于食品生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、昔通化工設(shè)備、核能等。

　　The composition of 304 is 18Cr-9Ni, which is the most widely used stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Used for food production equipment, Xitong chemical equipment, nuclear energy, etc.

　　復(fù)合不銹鋼為304不銹鋼薄板和鍍鋅板加熱到200℃，通過(guò)中間介質(zhì)高分子膜貼合而成，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，具有減震、降、強(qiáng)度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，由于厚度較厚，用于電梯轎廂、廳門、轎門等。

　　Composite stainless steel is made by heating 304 stainless steel sheet and galvanized sheet to 200 ℃, and bonding them together through an intermediate medium polymer film. The product has a tight structure and advantages such as shock absorption, reduction, and high strength. Due to its thick thickness, it is used for elevator cars, hall doors, car doors, etc.

　　3、201是含錳較高,表面很亮帶有暗黑的亮,含錳較高容易生銹,304含鉻較多,表面呈現(xiàn)啞光,不生銹.兩種放在一起就有比較了,最重要的就是耐腐蝕性能不同,201的耐腐蝕性能很差,所以價(jià)格就要便宜很多.又因?yàn)?01含鎳低，所以價(jià)格比304的低，于是耐腐蝕性能就不如304的了。

　　3. 201 has a high manganese content and a bright surface with a dark luster. High manganese content makes it easy to rust, while 304 has a high chromium content and a matte surface that does not rust When the two are put together, there is a comparison, and the most important thing is that their corrosion resistance is different. The corrosion resistance of 201 is very poor, so the price is much cheaper Also, because 201 contains low nickel, its price is lower than 304, so its corrosion resistance is not as good as 304's.

　　復(fù)合不銹鋼表面由304組成，表面具有304不銹鋼的特性

　　The surface of composite stainless steel is composed of 304 and has the characteristics of 304 stainless steel

　　4、201不銹鋼在特定環(huán)境下會(huì)生銹，譬如說(shuō)放置于鹽水浸泡就會(huì)生銹但是日常環(huán)境下是極不易生銹的。不銹鋼材質(zhì)是因?yàn)楹墟囋?，才有不易生銹的能力，而相較于304不銹鋼來(lái)說(shuō)，201不銹鋼中的鎳元素會(huì)更少，因此要比304不銹鋼更容易生銹。復(fù)合不銹鋼的表面材質(zhì)為304不銹鋼，而生銹主要表層氧化，因此復(fù)合不銹鋼抗銹蝕能力優(yōu)于201不銹鋼。

　　4. 201 stainless steel will rust in specific environments, such as soaking in salt water, but it is extremely resistant to rusting in daily environments. Stainless steel material has the ability to resist rusting due to its nickel content, and compared to 304 stainless steel, 201 stainless steel contains less nickel, making it more prone to rusting. The surface material of composite stainless steel is 304 stainless steel, and rust is mainly caused by surface oxidation, so the corrosion resistance of composite stainless steel is better than that of 201 stainless steel.

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